merge branch 'feature/snowflakes' into main

NOTES:
- After running the migration, you MUST manually run `database
  create-snowflakes`. The entire backend assumes snowflakes are never
  null, so if this isn't done, all requests will fail.
- Avatar and flag files are still saved with xids, this will change
  later.

.air.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+root = "."
+tmp_dir = "tmp"
+
+[build]
+  args_bin = ["web"]
+  bin = "./tmp/main"
+  cmd = "go build -o ./tmp/main ."
+  delay = 1000
+  exclude_dir = ["docs", "frontend", "prns", "pronounslib", "tmp", "target"]
+  exclude_file = []
+  exclude_regex = ["_test.go"]
+  exclude_unchanged = false
+  follow_symlink = false
+  full_bin = ""
+  include_dir = []
+  include_ext = ["go", "tpl", "tmpl", "html"]
+  include_file = []
+  kill_delay = "0s"
+  log = "build-errors.log"
+  poll = false
+  poll_interval = 0
+  rerun = false
+  rerun_delay = 500
+  send_interrupt = false
+  stop_on_error = false
+
+[color]
+  app = ""
+  build = "yellow"
+  main = "magenta"
+  runner = "green"
+  watcher = "cyan"
+
+[log]
+  main_only = false
+  time = false
+
+[misc]
+  clean_on_exit = false
+
+[screen]
+  clear_on_rebuild = false
+  keep_scroll = true

.gitignore

@@ -12,3 +12,4 @@ package
 vite.config.js.timestamp-*
 vite.config.ts.timestamp-*
 target
+tmp

backend/common/generator.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package common
+
+import (
+	"math/rand"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Generator is a snowflake generator.
+// For compatibility with other snowflake implementations, both worker and PID are set,
+// but they are randomized for every generator.
+type IDGenerator struct {
+	inc         *uint64
+	worker, pid uint64
+}
+
+var defaultGenerator = NewIDGenerator(0, 0)
+
+// NewIDGenerator creates a new ID generator with the given worker and pid.
+// If worker or pid is empty, it will be set to a random number.
+func NewIDGenerator(worker, pid uint64) *IDGenerator {
+	if worker == 0 {
+		worker = rand.Uint64()
+	}
+	if pid == 0 {
+		pid = rand.Uint64()
+	}
+
+	g := &IDGenerator{
+		inc:    new(uint64),
+		worker: worker % 32,
+		pid:    pid % 32,
+	}
+
+	return g
+}
+
+// GenerateID generates a new snowflake with the default generator.
+// If you need to customize the worker and PID, manually call (*Generator).Generate.
+func GenerateID() Snowflake {
+	return defaultGenerator.Generate()
+}
+
+// GenerateID generates a new snowflake with the given time with the default generator.
+// If you need to customize the worker and PID, manually call (*Generator).GenerateWithTime.
+func GenerateIDWithTime(t time.Time) Snowflake {
+	return defaultGenerator.GenerateWithTime(t)
+}
+
+// Generate generates a snowflake with the current time.
+func (g *IDGenerator) Generate() Snowflake {
+	return g.GenerateWithTime(time.Now())
+}
+
+// GenerateWithTime generates a snowflake with the given time.
+// To generate a snowflake for comparison, use the top-level New function instead.
+func (g *IDGenerator) GenerateWithTime(t time.Time) Snowflake {
+	increment := atomic.AddUint64(g.inc, 1)
+	ts := uint64(t.UnixMilli() - Epoch)
+
+	worker := g.worker << 17
+	pid := g.pid << 12
+
+	return Snowflake(ts<<22 | worker | pid | (increment % 4096))
+}

backend/common/snowflake.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package common
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Epoch is the pronouns.cc epoch (January 1st 2022 at 00:00:00 UTC) in milliseconds.
+const Epoch = 1_640_995_200_000
+const epochDuration = Epoch * time.Millisecond
+
+const NullSnowflake = ^Snowflake(0)
+
+// Snowflake is a 64-bit integer used as a unique ID, with an embedded timestamp.
+type Snowflake uint64
+
+// ID is an alias to Snowflake.
+type ID = Snowflake
+
+// ParseSnowflake parses a snowflake from a string.
+func ParseSnowflake(sf string) (Snowflake, error) {
+	if sf == "null" {
+		return NullSnowflake, nil
+	}
+
+	i, err := strconv.ParseUint(sf, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	return Snowflake(i), nil
+}
+
+// NewSnowflake creates a new snowflake from the given time.
+func NewSnowflake(t time.Time) Snowflake {
+	ts := time.Duration(t.UnixNano()) - epochDuration
+
+	return Snowflake((ts / time.Millisecond) << 22)
+}
+
+// String returns the snowflake as a string.
+func (s Snowflake) String() string { return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(s), 10) }
+
+// Time returns the creation time of the snowflake.
+func (s Snowflake) Time() time.Time {
+	ts := time.Duration(s>>22)*time.Millisecond + epochDuration
+	return time.Unix(0, int64(ts))
+}
+
+func (s Snowflake) IsValid() bool {
+	return s != 0 && s != NullSnowflake
+}
+
+func (s Snowflake) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	if !s.IsValid() {
+		return []byte("null"), nil
+	}
+
+	return []byte(`"` + strconv.FormatUint(uint64(s), 10) + `"`), nil
+}
+
+func (s *Snowflake) UnmarshalJSON(src []byte) error {
+	sf, err := ParseSnowflake(strings.Trim(string(src), `"`))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	*s = sf
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s Snowflake) Worker() uint8 {
+	return uint8(s & 0x3E0000 >> 17)
+}
+
+func (s Snowflake) PID() uint8 {
+	return uint8(s & 0x1F000 >> 12)
+}
+
+func (s Snowflake) Increment() uint16 {
+	return uint16(s & 0xFFF)
+}

backend/common/snowflake_types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package common
+
+import "time"
+
+type UserID Snowflake
+
+func (id UserID) String() string    { return Snowflake(id).String() }
+func (id UserID) Time() time.Time   { return Snowflake(id).Time() }
+func (id UserID) IsValid() bool     { return Snowflake(id).IsValid() }
+func (id UserID) Worker() uint8     { return Snowflake(id).Worker() }
+func (id UserID) PID() uint8        { return Snowflake(id).PID() }
+func (id UserID) Increment() uint16 { return Snowflake(id).Increment() }
+
+func (id UserID) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error)    { return Snowflake(id).MarshalJSON() }
+func (id *UserID) UnmarshalJSON(src []byte) error { return (*Snowflake)(id).UnmarshalJSON(src) }
+
+type MemberID Snowflake
+
+func (id MemberID) String() string    { return Snowflake(id).String() }
+func (id MemberID) Time() time.Time   { return Snowflake(id).Time() }
+func (id MemberID) IsValid() bool     { return Snowflake(id).IsValid() }
+func (id MemberID) Worker() uint8     { return Snowflake(id).Worker() }
+func (id MemberID) PID() uint8        { return Snowflake(id).PID() }
+func (id MemberID) Increment() uint16 { return Snowflake(id).Increment() }
+
+func (id MemberID) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error)    { return Snowflake(id).MarshalJSON() }
+func (id *MemberID) UnmarshalJSON(src []byte) error { return (*Snowflake)(id).UnmarshalJSON(src) }
+
+type FlagID Snowflake
+
+func (id FlagID) String() string    { return Snowflake(id).String() }
+func (id FlagID) Time() time.Time   { return Snowflake(id).Time() }
+func (id FlagID) IsValid() bool     { return Snowflake(id).IsValid() }
+func (id FlagID) Worker() uint8     { return Snowflake(id).Worker() }
+func (id FlagID) PID() uint8        { return Snowflake(id).PID() }
+func (id FlagID) Increment() uint16 { return Snowflake(id).Increment() }
+
+func (id FlagID) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error)    { return Snowflake(id).MarshalJSON() }
+func (id *FlagID) UnmarshalJSON(src []byte) error { return (*Snowflake)(id).UnmarshalJSON(src) }

backend/db/flags.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"strings"
 
+	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/common"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/log"
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/davidbyttow/govips/v2/vips"
@@ -20,11 +21,12 @@ import (
 )
 
 type PrideFlag struct {
-	ID          xid.ID  `json:"id"`
-	UserID      xid.ID  `json:"-"`
-	Hash        string  `json:"hash"`
-	Name        string  `json:"name"`
-	Description *string `json:"description"`
+	ID          xid.ID        `json:"id"`
+	SnowflakeID common.FlagID `json:"id_new"`
+	UserID      xid.ID        `json:"-"`
+	Hash        string        `json:"hash"`
+	Name        string        `json:"name"`
+	Description *string       `json:"description"`
 }
 
 type UserFlag struct {
@@ -194,11 +196,12 @@ func (db *DB) CreateFlag(ctx context.Context, tx pgx.Tx, userID xid.ID, name, de
 
 	sql, args, err := sq.Insert("pride_flags").
 		SetMap(map[string]any{
-			"id":          xid.New(),
-			"hash":        "",
-			"user_id":     userID.String(),
-			"name":        name,
-			"description": description,
+			"id":           xid.New(),
+			"snowflake_id": common.GenerateID(),
+			"hash":         "",
+			"user_id":      userID.String(),
+			"name":         name,
+			"description":  description,
 		}).Suffix("RETURNING *").ToSql()
 	if err != nil {
 		return f, errors.Wrap(err, "building query")

backend/db/member.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/common"
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/Masterminds/squirrel"
 	"github.com/georgysavva/scany/v2/pgxscan"
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ const (
 type Member struct {
 	ID          xid.ID
 	UserID      xid.ID
+	SnowflakeID common.MemberID
 	SID         string `db:"sid"`
 	Name        string
 	DisplayName *string
@@ -71,9 +73,23 @@ func (db *DB) Member(ctx context.Context, id xid.ID) (m Member, err error) {
 	return m, nil
 }
 
+func (db *DB) MemberBySnowflake(ctx context.Context, id common.MemberID) (m Member, err error) {
+	sql, args, err := sq.Select("*").From("members").Where("snowflake_id = ?", id).ToSql()
+	if err != nil {
+		return m, errors.Wrap(err, "building sql")
+	}
+
+	err = pgxscan.Get(ctx, db, &m, sql, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return m, errors.Wrap(err, "executing query")
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
 // UserMember returns a member scoped by user.
 func (db *DB) UserMember(ctx context.Context, userID xid.ID, memberRef string) (m Member, err error) {
-	sql, args, err := sq.Select("*").From("members").Where("user_id = ?", userID).Where("(id = ? or name = ?)", memberRef, memberRef).ToSql()
+	sf, _ := common.ParseSnowflake(memberRef) // error can be ignored as the zero value will never be used as an ID
+	sql, args, err := sq.Select("*").From("members").Where("user_id = ?", userID).Where("(id = ? or snowflake_id = ? or name = ?)", memberRef, sf, memberRef).ToSql()
 	if err != nil {
 		return m, errors.Wrap(err, "building sql")
 	}
@@ -135,8 +151,8 @@ func (db *DB) CreateMember(
 	name string, displayName *string, bio string, links []string,
 ) (m Member, err error) {
 	sql, args, err := sq.Insert("members").
-		Columns("user_id", "id", "sid", "name", "display_name", "bio", "links").
-		Values(userID, xid.New(), squirrel.Expr("find_free_member_sid()"), name, displayName, bio, links).
+		Columns("user_id", "snowflake_id", "id", "sid", "name", "display_name", "bio", "links").
+		Values(userID, common.GenerateID(), xid.New(), squirrel.Expr("find_free_member_sid()"), name, displayName, bio, links).
 		Suffix("RETURNING *").ToSql()
 	if err != nil {
 		return m, errors.Wrap(err, "building sql")

backend/db/user.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 
 type User struct {
 	ID          xid.ID
+	SnowflakeID common.UserID
 	SID         string `db:"sid"`
 	Username    string
 	DisplayName *string
@@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ func (db *DB) CreateUser(ctx context.Context, tx pgx.Tx, username string) (u Use
 		return u, err
 	}
 
-	sql, args, err := sq.Insert("users").Columns("id", "username", "sid").Values(xid.New(), username, squirrel.Expr("find_free_user_sid()")).Suffix("RETURNING *").ToSql()
+	sql, args, err := sq.Insert("users").Columns("id", "snowflake_id", "username", "sid").Values(xid.New(), common.GenerateID(), username, squirrel.Expr("find_free_user_sid()")).Suffix("RETURNING *").ToSql()
 	if err != nil {
 		return u, errors.Wrap(err, "building sql")
 	}
@@ -494,6 +495,26 @@ func (db *DB) User(ctx context.Context, id xid.ID) (u User, err error) {
 	return u, nil
 }
 
+// UserBySnowflake gets a user by their snowflake ID.
+func (db *DB) UserBySnowflake(ctx context.Context, id common.UserID) (u User, err error) {
+	sql, args, err := sq.Select("*", "(SELECT instance FROM fediverse_apps WHERE id = users.fediverse_app_id) AS fediverse_instance").
+		From("users").Where("snowflake_id = ?", id).ToSql()
+	if err != nil {
+		return u, errors.Wrap(err, "building sql")
+	}
+
+	err = pgxscan.Get(ctx, db, &u, sql, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Cause(err) == pgx.ErrNoRows {
+			return u, ErrUserNotFound
+		}
+
+		return u, errors.Wrap(err, "getting user from db")
+	}
+
+	return u, nil
+}
+
 // Username gets a user by username.
 func (db *DB) Username(ctx context.Context, name string) (u User, err error) {
 	sql, args, err := sq.Select("*").From("users").Where("username = ?", name).ToSql()

backend/main.go

@@ -62,9 +62,8 @@ func run(c *cli.Context) error {
 		return nil
 	case err := <-e:
 		log.Fatalf("Error running server: %v", err)
+		return err
 	}
-
-	return nil
 }
 
 const MaxContentLength = 2 * 1024 * 1024

backend/routes/v1/auth/routes.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 
+	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/common"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/db"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/log"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/server"
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ type Server struct {
 
 type userResponse struct {
 	ID          xid.ID            `json:"id"`
+	SnowflakeID common.UserID     `json:"id_new"`
 	Username    string            `json:"name"`
 	DisplayName *string           `json:"display_name"`
 	Bio         *string           `json:"bio"`
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ type userResponse struct {
 func dbUserToUserResponse(u db.User, fields []db.Field) *userResponse {
 	return &userResponse{
 		ID:                u.ID,
+		SnowflakeID:       u.SnowflakeID,
 		Username:          u.Username,
 		DisplayName:       u.DisplayName,
 		Bio:               u.Bio,

backend/routes/v1/member/delete_member.go

@@ -8,12 +8,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-chi/render"
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
 
+	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/common"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/db"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/log"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/server"
 )
 
-func (s *Server) deleteMember(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
+func (s *Server) deleteMember(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (err error) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
 
 	claims, _ := server.ClaimsFromContext(ctx)
@@ -22,18 +23,27 @@ func (s *Server) deleteMember(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMissingPermissions, Details: "this token is read-only"}
 	}
 
-	id, err := xid.FromString(chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
-	}
+	var m db.Member
+	if id, err := xid.FromString(chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef")); err == nil {
+		m, err = s.DB.Member(ctx, id)
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == db.ErrMemberNotFound {
+				return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
+			}
 
-	m, err := s.DB.Member(ctx, id)
-	if err != nil {
-		if err == db.ErrMemberNotFound {
-			return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "getting member")
 		}
+	} else if id, err := common.ParseSnowflake(chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef")); err == nil {
+		m, err = s.DB.MemberBySnowflake(ctx, common.MemberID(id))
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == db.ErrMemberNotFound {
+				return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
+			}
 
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "getting member")
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "getting member")
+		}
+	} else {
+		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
 	}
 
 	if m.UserID != claims.UserID {

backend/routes/v1/member/get_member.go

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"net/http"
 
+	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/common"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/db"
+	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/log"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/server"
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
@@ -13,13 +15,14 @@ import (
 )
 
 type GetMemberResponse struct {
-	ID          xid.ID   `json:"id"`
-	SID         string   `json:"sid"`
-	Name        string   `json:"name"`
-	DisplayName *string  `json:"display_name"`
-	Bio         *string  `json:"bio"`
-	Avatar      *string  `json:"avatar"`
-	Links       []string `json:"links"`
+	ID          xid.ID          `json:"id"`
+	SnowflakeID common.MemberID `json:"id_new"`
+	SID         string          `json:"sid"`
+	Name        string          `json:"name"`
+	DisplayName *string         `json:"display_name"`
+	Bio         *string         `json:"bio"`
+	Avatar      *string         `json:"avatar"`
+	Links       []string        `json:"links"`
 
 	Names    []db.FieldEntry   `json:"names"`
 	Pronouns []db.PronounEntry `json:"pronouns"`
@@ -34,6 +37,7 @@ type GetMemberResponse struct {
 func dbMemberToMember(u db.User, m db.Member, fields []db.Field, flags []db.MemberFlag, isOwnMember bool) GetMemberResponse {
 	r := GetMemberResponse{
 		ID:          m.ID,
+		SnowflakeID: m.SnowflakeID,
 		SID:         m.SID,
 		Name:        m.Name,
 		DisplayName: m.DisplayName,
@@ -48,6 +52,7 @@ func dbMemberToMember(u db.User, m db.Member, fields []db.Field, flags []db.Memb
 
 		User: PartialUser{
 			ID:                u.ID,
+			SnowflakeID:       u.SnowflakeID,
 			Username:          u.Username,
 			DisplayName:       u.DisplayName,
 			Avatar:            u.Avatar,
@@ -64,26 +69,37 @@ func dbMemberToMember(u db.User, m db.Member, fields []db.Field, flags []db.Memb
 
 type PartialUser struct {
 	ID                xid.ID               `json:"id"`
+	SnowflakeID       common.UserID        `json:"id_new"`
 	Username          string               `json:"name"`
 	DisplayName       *string              `json:"display_name"`
 	Avatar            *string              `json:"avatar"`
 	CustomPreferences db.CustomPreferences `json:"custom_preferences"`
 }
 
-func (s *Server) getMember(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
+func (s *Server) getMember(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (err error) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
 
-	id, err := xid.FromString(chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return server.APIError{
-			Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound,
+	var m db.Member
+	if id, err := xid.FromString(chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef")); err == nil {
+		m, err = s.DB.Member(ctx, id)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("getting member by xid: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
+	// xid was not valid
+	if !m.SnowflakeID.IsValid() {
+		id, err := common.ParseSnowflake(chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef"))
+		if err != nil {
+			return server.APIError{
+				Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound,
+			}
+		}
 
-	m, err := s.DB.Member(ctx, id)
-	if err != nil {
-		return server.APIError{
-			Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound,
+		m, err = s.DB.MemberBySnowflake(ctx, common.MemberID(id))
+		if err != nil {
+			return server.APIError{
+				Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound,
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -186,12 +202,22 @@ func (s *Server) getMeMember(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 }
 
 func (s *Server) parseUser(ctx context.Context, userRef string) (u db.User, err error) {
-	if id, err := xid.FromString(userRef); err != nil {
+	// check xid first
+	if id, err := xid.FromString(userRef); err == nil {
 		u, err := s.DB.User(ctx, id)
 		if err == nil {
 			return u, nil
 		}
 	}
 
+	// if not an xid, check by snowflake
+	if id, err := common.ParseSnowflake(userRef); err == nil {
+		u, err := s.DB.UserBySnowflake(ctx, common.UserID(id))
+		if err == nil {
+			return u, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// else, use username
 	return s.DB.Username(ctx, userRef)
 }

backend/routes/v1/member/get_members.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package member
 import (
 	"net/http"
 
+	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/common"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/db"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/server"
 	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 type memberListResponse struct {
 	ID          xid.ID            `json:"id"`
+	SnowflakeID common.MemberID   `json:"id_new"`
 	SID         string            `json:"sid"`
 	Name        string            `json:"name"`
 	DisplayName *string           `json:"display_name"`
@@ -28,6 +30,7 @@ func membersToMemberList(ms []db.Member, isSelf bool) []memberListResponse {
 	for i := range ms {
 		resps[i] = memberListResponse{
 			ID:          ms[i].ID,
+			SnowflakeID: ms[i].SnowflakeID,
 			SID:         ms[i].SID,
 			Name:        ms[i].Name,
 			DisplayName: ms[i].DisplayName,

backend/routes/v1/member/patch_member.go

@@ -38,23 +38,41 @@ func (s *Server) patchMember(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMissingPermissions, Details: "This token is read-only"}
 	}
 
-	id, err := xid.FromString(chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
-	}
-
 	u, err := s.DB.User(ctx, claims.UserID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "getting user")
 	}
 
-	m, err := s.DB.Member(ctx, id)
-	if err != nil {
-		if err == db.ErrMemberNotFound {
+	var m db.Member
+	if id, err := xid.FromString(chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef")); err == nil {
+		log.Debugf("%v/%v is xid", chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef"), id)
+
+		m, err = s.DB.Member(ctx, id)
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == db.ErrMemberNotFound {
+				return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
+			}
+
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "getting member")
+		}
+	} else {
+		id, err := common.ParseSnowflake(chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("%v/%v is not valid snowflake", chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef"), id)
+
 			return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
 		}
 
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "getting member")
+		log.Debugf("%v/%v is valid snowflake", chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef"), id)
+
+		m, err = s.DB.MemberBySnowflake(ctx, common.MemberID(id))
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == db.ErrMemberNotFound {
+				return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
+			}
+
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "getting member")
+		}
 	}
 
 	if m.UserID != claims.UserID {
@@ -234,7 +252,7 @@ func (s *Server) patchMember(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 	}
 	defer tx.Rollback(ctx)
 
-	m, err = s.DB.UpdateMember(ctx, tx, id, req.Name, req.DisplayName, req.Bio, req.Unlisted, req.Links, avatarHash)
+	m, err = s.DB.UpdateMember(ctx, tx, m.ID, req.Name, req.DisplayName, req.Bio, req.Unlisted, req.Links, avatarHash)
 	if err != nil {
 		switch errors.Cause(err) {
 		case db.ErrNothingToUpdate:
@@ -258,9 +276,9 @@ func (s *Server) patchMember(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 			pronouns = *req.Pronouns
 		}
 
-		err = s.DB.SetMemberNamesPronouns(ctx, tx, id, names, pronouns)
+		err = s.DB.SetMemberNamesPronouns(ctx, tx, m.ID, names, pronouns)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("setting names for member %v: %v", id, err)
+			log.Errorf("setting names for member %v: %v", m.ID, err)
 			return err
 		}
 		m.Names = names
@@ -269,16 +287,16 @@ func (s *Server) patchMember(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 
 	var fields []db.Field
 	if req.Fields != nil {
-		err = s.DB.SetMemberFields(ctx, tx, id, *req.Fields)
+		err = s.DB.SetMemberFields(ctx, tx, m.ID, *req.Fields)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("setting fields for member %v: %v", id, err)
+			log.Errorf("setting fields for member %v: %v", m.ID, err)
 			return err
 		}
 		fields = *req.Fields
 	} else {
-		fields, err = s.DB.MemberFields(ctx, id)
+		fields, err = s.DB.MemberFields(ctx, m.ID)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("getting fields for member %v: %v", id, err)
+			log.Errorf("getting fields for member %v: %v", m.ID, err)
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -321,7 +339,7 @@ func (s *Server) patchMember(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *Server) rerollMemberSID(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
+func (s *Server) rerollMemberSID(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (err error) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
 
 	claims, _ := server.ClaimsFromContext(ctx)
@@ -330,9 +348,32 @@ func (s *Server) rerollMemberSID(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMissingPermissions, Details: "This token is read-only"}
 	}
 
-	id, err := xid.FromString(chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
+	var m db.Member
+	if id, err := xid.FromString(chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef")); err == nil {
+		m, err = s.DB.Member(ctx, id)
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == db.ErrMemberNotFound {
+				return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
+			}
+
+			log.Errorf("getting user %v: %v", id, err)
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "getting user")
+		}
+	} else {
+		id, err := common.ParseSnowflake(chi.URLParam(r, "memberRef"))
+		if err != nil {
+			return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
+		}
+
+		m, err = s.DB.MemberBySnowflake(ctx, common.MemberID(id))
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == db.ErrMemberNotFound {
+				return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
+			}
+
+			log.Errorf("getting user %v: %v", id, err)
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "getting user")
+		}
 	}
 
 	u, err := s.DB.User(ctx, claims.UserID)
@@ -340,15 +381,6 @@ func (s *Server) rerollMemberSID(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "getting user")
 	}
 
-	m, err := s.DB.Member(ctx, id)
-	if err != nil {
-		if err == db.ErrMemberNotFound {
-			return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
-		}
-
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "getting member")
-	}
-
 	if m.UserID != claims.UserID {
 		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrNotOwnMember}
 	}

backend/routes/v1/mod/create_report.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package mod
 import (
 	"net/http"
 
+	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/common"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/db"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/log"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/server"
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ type CreateReportRequest struct {
 	Reason string `json:"reason"`
 }
 
-func (s *Server) createUserReport(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
+func (s *Server) createUserReport(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (err error) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
 	claims, _ := server.ClaimsFromContext(ctx)
 
@@ -26,19 +27,32 @@ func (s *Server) createUserReport(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error
 		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMissingPermissions, Details: "This token is read-only"}
 	}
 
-	userID, err := xid.FromString(chi.URLParam(r, "id"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrBadRequest, Details: "Invalid user ID"}
-	}
+	var u db.User
+	if id, err := xid.FromString(chi.URLParam(r, "id")); err == nil {
+		u, err = s.DB.User(ctx, id)
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == db.ErrUserNotFound {
+				return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrUserNotFound}
+			}
 
-	u, err := s.DB.User(ctx, userID)
-	if err != nil {
-		if err == db.ErrUserNotFound {
+			log.Errorf("getting user %v: %v", id, err)
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "getting user")
+		}
+	} else {
+		id, err := common.ParseSnowflake(chi.URLParam(r, "id"))
+		if err != nil {
 			return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrUserNotFound}
 		}
 
-		log.Errorf("getting user %v: %v", userID, err)
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "getting user")
+		u, err = s.DB.UserBySnowflake(ctx, common.UserID(id))
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == db.ErrUserNotFound {
+				return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrUserNotFound}
+			}
+
+			log.Errorf("getting user %v: %v", id, err)
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "getting user")
+		}
 	}
 
 	if u.DeletedAt != nil {
@@ -73,19 +87,32 @@ func (s *Server) createMemberReport(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) erro
 		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMissingPermissions, Details: "This token is read-only"}
 	}
 
-	memberID, err := xid.FromString(chi.URLParam(r, "id"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrBadRequest, Details: "Invalid member ID"}
-	}
+	var m db.Member
+	if id, err := xid.FromString(chi.URLParam(r, "id")); err == nil {
+		m, err = s.DB.Member(ctx, id)
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == db.ErrMemberNotFound {
+				return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
+			}
 
-	m, err := s.DB.Member(ctx, memberID)
-	if err != nil {
-		if err == db.ErrMemberNotFound {
-			return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
+			log.Errorf("getting user %v: %v", id, err)
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "getting user")
+		}
+	} else {
+		id, err := common.ParseSnowflake(chi.URLParam(r, "id"))
+		if err != nil {
+			return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrUserNotFound}
 		}
 
-		log.Errorf("getting member %v: %v", memberID, err)
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "getting member")
+		m, err = s.DB.MemberBySnowflake(ctx, common.MemberID(id))
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == db.ErrMemberNotFound {
+				return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMemberNotFound}
+			}
+
+			log.Errorf("getting user %v: %v", id, err)
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "getting user")
+		}
 	}
 
 	u, err := s.DB.User(ctx, m.UserID)

backend/routes/v1/user/flags.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package user
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
@@ -121,6 +122,24 @@ type patchUserFlagRequest struct {
 	Description *string `json:"description"`
 }
 
+func (s *Server) parseFlag(ctx context.Context, flags []db.PrideFlag, flagRef string) (db.PrideFlag, bool) {
+	if id, err := xid.FromString(flagRef); err == nil {
+		for _, f := range flags {
+			if f.ID == id {
+				return f, true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if id, err := common.ParseSnowflake(flagRef); err == nil {
+		for _, f := range flags {
+			if f.SnowflakeID == common.FlagID(id) {
+				return f, true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return db.PrideFlag{}, false
+}
+
 func (s *Server) patchUserFlag(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 	ctx := r.Context()
 	claims, _ := server.ClaimsFromContext(ctx)
@@ -129,28 +148,13 @@ func (s *Server) patchUserFlag(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMissingPermissions, Details: "This token is read-only"}
 	}
 
-	flagID, err := xid.FromString(chi.URLParam(r, "flagID"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrNotFound, Details: "Invalid flag ID"}
-	}
-
 	flags, err := s.DB.AccountFlags(ctx, claims.UserID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "getting current user flags")
 	}
-	if len(flags) >= db.MaxPrideFlags {
-		return server.APIError{
-			Code: server.ErrFlagLimitReached,
-		}
-	}
-	var found bool
-	for _, flag := range flags {
-		if flag.ID == flagID {
-			found = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	if !found {
+
+	flag, ok := s.parseFlag(ctx, flags, chi.URLParam(r, "flagID"))
+	if !ok {
 		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrNotFound, Details: "No flag with that ID found"}
 	}
 
@@ -190,7 +194,7 @@ func (s *Server) patchUserFlag(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 	}
 	defer tx.Rollback(ctx)
 
-	flag, err := s.DB.EditFlag(ctx, tx, flagID, req.Name, req.Description, nil)
+	flag, err = s.DB.EditFlag(ctx, tx, flag.ID, req.Name, req.Description, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "updating flag")
 	}
@@ -212,19 +216,16 @@ func (s *Server) deleteUserFlag(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrMissingPermissions, Details: "This token is read-only"}
 	}
 
-	flagID, err := xid.FromString(chi.URLParam(r, "flagID"))
+	flags, err := s.DB.AccountFlags(ctx, claims.UserID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrNotFound, Details: "Invalid flag ID"}
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "getting current user flags")
 	}
 
-	flag, err := s.DB.UserFlag(ctx, flagID)
-	if err != nil {
-		if err == db.ErrFlagNotFound {
-			return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrNotFound, Details: "Flag not found"}
-		}
-
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "getting flag object")
+	flag, ok := s.parseFlag(ctx, flags, chi.URLParam(r, "flagID"))
+	if !ok {
+		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrNotFound, Details: "No flag with that ID found"}
 	}
+
 	if flag.UserID != claims.UserID {
 		return server.APIError{Code: server.ErrNotFound, Details: "Flag not found"}
 	}

backend/routes/v1/user/get_user.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
 
+	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/common"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/db"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/log"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/server"
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 
 type GetUserResponse struct {
 	ID                xid.ID               `json:"id"`
+	SnowflakeID       common.UserID        `json:"id_new"`
 	SID               string               `json:"sid"`
 	Username          string               `json:"name"`
 	DisplayName       *string              `json:"display_name"`
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ type GetMeResponse struct {
 
 type PartialMember struct {
 	ID          xid.ID            `json:"id"`
+	SnowflakeID common.MemberID   `json:"id_new"`
 	SID         string            `json:"sid"`
 	Name        string            `json:"name"`
 	DisplayName *string           `json:"display_name"`
@@ -71,6 +74,7 @@ type PartialMember struct {
 func dbUserToResponse(u db.User, fields []db.Field, members []db.Member, flags []db.UserFlag) GetUserResponse {
 	resp := GetUserResponse{
 		ID:                u.ID,
+		SnowflakeID:       u.SnowflakeID,
 		SID:               u.SID,
 		Username:          u.Username,
 		DisplayName:       u.DisplayName,
@@ -97,6 +101,7 @@ func dbUserToResponse(u db.User, fields []db.Field, members []db.Member, flags [
 	for i := range members {
 		resp.Members[i] = PartialMember{
 			ID:          members[i].ID,
+			SnowflakeID: members[i].SnowflakeID,
 			SID:         members[i].SID,
 			Name:        members[i].Name,
 			DisplayName: members[i].DisplayName,
@@ -124,6 +129,15 @@ func (s *Server) getUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (err error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if u.ID.IsNil() {
+		if id, err := common.ParseSnowflake(userRef); err == nil {
+			u, err = s.DB.UserBySnowflake(ctx, common.UserID(id))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("getting user by snowflake: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	if u.ID.IsNil() {
 		u, err = s.DB.Username(ctx, userRef)
 		if err == db.ErrUserNotFound {

frontend/src/lib/api/entities.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ export const MAX_FLAGS = 500;
 
 export interface User {
   id: string;
+  id_new: string;
   sid: string;
   name: string;
   display_name: string | null;
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ export interface Pronoun {
 
 export interface PartialMember {
   id: string;
+  id_new: string;
   sid: string;
   name: string;
   display_name: string | null;
@@ -99,6 +101,7 @@ export interface Member extends PartialMember {
 
 export interface MemberPartialUser {
   id: string;
+  id_new: string;
   name: string;
   display_name: string | null;
   avatar: string | null;
@@ -107,6 +110,7 @@ export interface MemberPartialUser {
 
 export interface PrideFlag {
   id: string;
+  id_new: string;
   hash: string;
   name: string;
   description: string | null;

frontend/src/routes/@[username]/+page.svelte

@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@
             />
           {/if}
           {#if $userStore && $userStore.id !== data.id}
-            <ReportButton subject="user" reportUrl="/users/{data.id}/reports" />
+            <ReportButton subject="user" reportUrl="/users/{data.id_new}/reports" />
           {/if}
         </InputGroup>
       </div>

frontend/src/routes/@[username]/[memberName]/+page.svelte

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
             />
           {/if}
           {#if $userStore && $userStore.id !== data.user.id}
-            <ReportButton subject="member" reportUrl="/members/{data.id}/reports" />
+            <ReportButton subject="member" reportUrl="/members/{data.id_new}/reports" />
           {/if}
         </InputGroup>
       </div>

frontend/src/routes/@[username]/[memberName]/edit/+layout.svelte

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 
   const deleteMember = async () => {
     try {
-      await fastFetchClient(`/members/${data.member.id}`, "DELETE");
+      await fastFetchClient(`/members/${data.member.id_new}`, "DELETE");
 
       toggleDeleteOpen();
       addToast({
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
     });
 
     try {
-      const resp = await apiFetchClient<Member>(`/members/${data.member.id}`, "PATCH", {
+      const resp = await apiFetchClient<Member>(`/members/${data.member.id_new}`, "PATCH", {
         name: $member.name,
         display_name: $member.display_name,
         avatar: $member.avatar,

frontend/src/routes/@[username]/[memberName]/edit/other/+page.svelte

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
   const rerollSid = async () => {
     try {
-      const resp = await apiFetchClient<Member>(`/members/${data.member.id}/reroll`);
+      const resp = await apiFetchClient<Member>(`/members/${data.member.id_new}/reroll`);
       addToast({ header: "Success", body: "Rerolled short ID!" });
       error = null;
       $member.sid = resp.sid;

frontend/src/routes/reports/+page.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-import { ErrorCode, type APIError, type Report } from "$lib/api/entities";
+import type { Report } from "$lib/api/entities";
 import { apiFetchClient } from "$lib/api/fetch";
-import { error } from "@sveltejs/kit";
 
 export const load = async ({ url }) => {
   const { searchParams } = url;

frontend/src/routes/settings/+page.svelte

@@ -194,7 +194,11 @@
         <tbody>
           <tr>
             <th scope="row">ID</th>
-            <td><code>{data.user.id}</code></td>
+            <td><code>{data.user.id_new}</code></td>
+          </tr>
+          <tr>
+            <th scope="row">xid <em>(deprecated)</em></th>
+            <td><del><code>{data.user.id}</code></del></td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <th scope="row">Account created at</th>

frontend/src/routes/settings/flags/+page.svelte

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
       error = null;
 
       addToast({ header: "Deleted flag", body: "Successfully deleted flag!" });
-      data.flags = data.flags.filter((entry) => entry.id !== id);
+      data.flags = data.flags.filter((entry) => entry.id_new !== id);
     } catch (e) {
       error = e as APIError;
     }

frontend/src/routes/settings/flags/Flag.svelte

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
   const updateFlag = async () => {
     try {
-      const resp = await apiFetchClient<PrideFlag>(`/users/@me/flags/${flag.id}`, "PATCH", {
+      const resp = await apiFetchClient<PrideFlag>(`/users/@me/flags/${flag.id_new}`, "PATCH", {
         name,
         description: description || null,
       });
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
     Are you sure you want to delete the {flag.name} flag? <strong>This cannot be undone!</strong>
   </ModalBody>
   <ModalFooter>
-    <Button color="danger" on:click={() => deleteFlag(flag.id)}>Delete flag</Button>
+    <Button color="danger" on:click={() => deleteFlag(flag.id_new)}>Delete flag</Button>
     <Button color="secondary" on:click={toggleDeleteModal}>Cancel</Button>
   </ModalFooter>
 </Modal>

main.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/scripts/genkey"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/scripts/migrate"
 	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/scripts/seeddb"
+	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/scripts/snowflakes"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ var app = &cli.App{
 				migrate.Command,
 				seeddb.Command,
 				cleandb.Command,
+				snowflakes.Command,
 			},
 		},
 		{

package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "name": "pronouns",
+  "private": true,
+  "scripts": {
+    "dev": "concurrently \"air\" \"make dev\""
+  },
+  "author": "sam <sam@sleepycat.moe>",
+  "license": "AGPL-3.0-only",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "concurrently": "^8.2.1"
+  }
+}

pnpm-workspace.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+packages:
+  - docs
+  - frontend

scripts/migrate/021_snowflakes.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+-- 2023-08-17: Add snowflake ID columns
+
+-- +migrate Up
+
+alter table users add column snowflake_id bigint unique;
+alter table members add column snowflake_id bigint unique;
+alter table pride_flags add column snowflake_id bigint unique;
+
+-- +migrate Down
+
+alter table users drop column snowflake_id;
+alter table members drop column snowflake_id;
+alter table pride_flags drop column snowflake_id;

scripts/snowflakes/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package snowflakes
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/common"
+	"codeberg.org/pronounscc/pronouns.cc/backend/log"
+	"github.com/georgysavva/scany/v2/pgxscan"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	"github.com/joho/godotenv"
+	"github.com/rs/xid"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+)
+
+var Command = &cli.Command{
+	Name:   "create-snowflakes",
+	Usage:  "Give all users, members, and flags snowflake IDs.",
+	Action: run,
+}
+
+func run(c *cli.Context) error {
+	err := godotenv.Load()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("loading .env file:", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	conn, err := pgx.Connect(c.Context, os.Getenv("DATABASE_URL"))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("opening database:", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close(c.Context)
+	log.Info("opened database")
+
+	tx, err := conn.Begin(c.Context)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("creating transaction:", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback(c.Context)
+
+	var userIDs []xid.ID
+	err = pgxscan.Select(c.Context, conn, &userIDs, "SELECT id FROM users WHERE snowflake_id IS NULL")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("selecting users without snowflake:", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	t := time.Now()
+	for _, userID := range userIDs {
+		t := userID.Time()
+		snowflake := common.UserID(common.GenerateIDWithTime(t))
+
+		_, err = tx.Exec(c.Context, "UPDATE users SET snowflake_id = $1 WHERE id = $2", snowflake, userID)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("updating user with ID %v: %v", userID, err)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	log.Infof("updated %v users in %v", len(userIDs), time.Since(t))
+
+	var memberIDs []xid.ID
+	err = pgxscan.Select(c.Context, conn, &memberIDs, "SELECT id FROM members WHERE snowflake_id IS NULL")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("selecting users without snowflake:", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	t = time.Now()
+	for _, memberID := range memberIDs {
+		t := memberID.Time()
+		snowflake := common.MemberID(common.GenerateIDWithTime(t))
+
+		_, err = tx.Exec(c.Context, "UPDATE members SET snowflake_id = $1 WHERE id = $2", snowflake, memberID)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("updating user with ID %v: %v", memberID, err)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	log.Infof("updated %v members in %v", len(memberIDs), time.Since(t))
+
+	var flagIDs []xid.ID
+	err = pgxscan.Select(c.Context, conn, &flagIDs, "SELECT id FROM pride_flags WHERE snowflake_id IS NULL")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("selecting users without snowflake:", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	t = time.Now()
+	for _, flagID := range flagIDs {
+		t := flagID.Time()
+		snowflake := common.FlagID(common.GenerateIDWithTime(t))
+
+		_, err = tx.Exec(c.Context, "UPDATE pride_flags SET snowflake_id = $1 WHERE id = $2", snowflake, flagID)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("updating user with ID %v: %v", flagID, err)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	log.Infof("updated %v flags in %v", len(flagIDs), time.Since(t))
+
+	err = tx.Commit(c.Context)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("committing transaction:", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}